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(Age 89, 101 Rock St, Fayetteville, Arkansas)
"I was born a slave about 1848, in Hickmon County, Tennessee," said Aunt Adeline who lives as care taker in a
house at 101 Rook Street, Fayetteville, Arkansas, which is owned by the Blakely-Hudgens estate.
Aunt Adeline has been a slave and a servant in five generations of the Parks family. Her mother, Liza, with a group
of five Negroes, was sold into slavery to John P. A. Parks, in Tennessee, about 1840.
"When my mother's master came to Arkansas about 1849, looking for a country residence, he bout what was known
as the old Kidd place on the Old Wire Road, which was one of the Stage Coach stops. I was about one year old
when we came. We had a big house and many times passengers would stay several days and wait for the next stage
to come by. It was then that I earned my first money. I must have been about six or seven years old. One of Mr.
Parks' daughters was about one and a half years older than I was. We had a play house back of the fireplace
chimney. We didn't have meny toys; maybe a doll made of a corn cob, with a dress made from scraps and a head
made from a roll of scraps. We were playing church. Miss Fannie was the preacher and I was the audience. We
were singing "James my all to Heaven is gone."
When we were half way through with our song we discovered that the passengers from the stage coach had stopped
to listen. We were so frightened at our audience that we both ran. But we were coaxed to come back for a dime and
sing our song over. I remember that Miss Fannie used a big leaf for a book.
"I had always been told from the time I was a small child that I was a Negro of African stock. That it was no
disgrace to be a Negro and had it not been for the white folks who brought us over here from Africa as slaves, we
would never have been here and would have been much better off.
"We colored folks were not allowed to be taught to read or write. It was against the law. My master's folks always
treated me well. I had good clothes. Sometimes I was whipped for things I should not have done just as the white
children were.
"When a young girl was married her parents would always give her a slave. I was given by my master to his
daughter, Miss Elizabeth, who married Mr. Blakely. I was just five years old. She moved into a new home at
Fayetteville and I was taken along but she soon sent me back home to my master telling him that I was too little and
not enough help to her. So I went back to the Parks home and stayed until I was over seven years old. *My master
made a bill of sale for me to his daughter, in order to keep account of all settlements, so when he died and the estate
settled each child would know how he stood.
"I was about 15 years old when the Civil War ended and was still living with Mrs. Blakely and helped care for her
little children. Her daughter, Miss Lenora, later married H. M. Hudgens, and I than went to live with her and cared
for her children. When her daughter Miss Helen married Professor Wiggins, I took care of her little daughter, and
this made five generations that I have cared for.
"During the Civil War, Mr. Parks took all his slaves and all of his fine stock, horses and cattle and went South to
Louisiana following the Southern army for protection. Many slave owners left the county taking with them their
slaves and followed the army.
"When the war was over, Mr. Parks was still in the South and gave to each one of his slaves who did not want to
come back to Arkansas so much money. My uncle George came back with Mr. Parks and was given a good
mountain farm of forty acres, which he put in cultivation and one of my uncle's descendents still lives on the place.
My mother did not return to Arkansas but went on to Joplin, Missouri, and for more than fifty years, neither one of
us knew where the other one was until one day a man from Fayetteville went into a restaurant in Joplin and ordered
his breakfast, and my mother who was in there heard him say he lived in Fayetteville, Arkansas. He lived just below
the Hudgans home and when my mother enquired about the family he told her I was still alive and was with the
family. While neither of us could read nor write we corresponded through different people. But I never saw her after
I was eleven years old. Later Mr. Hudgens went to Joplin to see if she was well taken care of. She owned her own
little place and when she died there was enough money for her to be buried.
"Civil War days are vivid to mas The Courthouse which was then in the middle of the Square was burned one night
by a crazy Confederate soldier. The old man in the town saved him and then put him in the county jail to keep him
from burning other houses. Each family was to take food to him and they furnished bedding. The morning I was to
take his breakfast, he had ripped open his feather bed and crawled inside to get warm. The room was so full of
feathers when I got there that his food nearly choked him. I had carried him ham, hot biscuits and a pot of coffee.
"After the War many soldiers came to my mistress, Mrs. Blakely, trying to make her free me. I told them I was free
but I did not want to go anywhere, that I wanted to stay in the only home that I had ever known. In a way that
placed me in a wrong attitude. I was pointed out as different. Sometimes I was threatened for not leaving but I
stayed on.
"I had always been well treated by my master's folks. While we lived at the old Kidd place, there was a church a few
miles from our home. My uncle George was coachman and drove my master's family in great splendor in a fine
barouche to church. After the war, when he went to his own place, Mr. Parks gave him the old carriage and bought a
new one for the family.
"I can remember the days of slavery as happy ones. We always had an abundance of food. Old Aunt Martha cooked
and there was always plenty prepared for all the white folks as well as the colored folks. There was a long table at
the end of the big kitchen for the colored folks. The vegetables were all prepared of an evening by Aunt Martha
with someone to help her.
"My mother seemed to have a gift of telling fortunes. She had a brass ring about the size of a dollar with a
handwoven knotted string that she used. I remember that she told many of the young people in the neighborhood
many strange things. They would come to her with their premonitions.
"Yes, we were afraid of the patyroles. All colored folks were. They said that any Negroes that were caught away
from their master's premises without a permit would be whipped by the patyroles. They used to sing a song:
'Run nigger run,
The patyroles
Will get you.'
"Yes'm, the War separated lots of families. Mr. Parks' son, John C. Parks, enlisted in Colonel W. H. Brooks'
regiment at Fayetteville as third lieutenant. Mr. Jim Parks was killed at the Battle of Gettysburg.
"I do remember it was my mistress, Mrs. Blakely, who kept the Masonic Building from being burned. The soldiers
came to set it on fire. Mrs. Blakely knew that if it burned, our home would burn as it was just across the street. Mrs.
Blakely had two small children who were very ill in upstairs rooms. She told the soldiers if they burned the Masonic
Building that her house would burn and she would be unable to save her little children. They went away."
While Aunt Adeline is nearing ninety, she is still active, goes shopping and also tends to the many crepe myrtle
bushes as well as many other flowers at the Hudgens place.
She attends to the renting of the apartment house, as caretaker, and is taken care of by members of the
Blakely-Hudgens families.
Aunt Adeline talks "white folks language," as they say, and seldom associates with the colored people of the town.
(Interviewer Mrs. Barnico Bowden)
