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1920 Dennison Street, Little Rock, Arkansas
Age 83
"I was born in Montgomery, Alabama, within a block of the statehouse. We were the only colored people in the
neighborhood. I am eighty-three years old. I was born free. I have never been a slave. I never met any slaves when I
was small, and never talked to any. I didn't live near them and didn't have any contacts with them.
"My father carried my mother to Pennsylvania before I was born and set her free. Then he carried her back to
Montgomery, Alabama, and all her children were born free there.
"We had everything that life needed. He was one of the biggest planters around in that part of the country and did
the shipping for everybody.
"My mother's name was Josephine Hassell. She had nine children. All of them are deed except three. One is in
Washington, D. C.; another is in Chicago, Illinois, and then I am here. One of my brothers was a mail clerk for the
government for fifty years, and then he went to Washington and worked in the deed letter office.
"My father taken my oldest brother just before the Civil War and entered him in Yale and he stayed there till he
finished. Later he became a freight conductor and lost his life when his train was caught in a cyclone. That's been
years ago.
"My sisters in Washington and Chicago are the only two living besides myself. All the others are dead. All of them
were government workers.
My sister in Washington has four boys and five girls. My sister in Chicago has two children--one in Detroit and one
in Washington. I am the oldest living.
"We never had any kind of trouble with white people in slave time, and we never had any since. Everybody in town
knowed us, and they never bothered us. The editor of the paper in Montgomery got up all our history and sent the
paper to my brother in Washington. If I had saved the paper, I would have had it now. I don't know the name of the
paper. It was a white paper. I can't even remember the name of the editor.
"We were always supported by my father. My mother did do nothing at all except stay home and take care of her
children. I had a father that cared for us. He didn't leave that part undone. He did his part in every respect. He sent
every child away to school. He sent two to Talladega, one to Yale, three to Fiske, and one to Howard University.
"I don't remember much about how freedom came to the slaves. You see, we didn't live near any of them and would
not notice, and I was young anyway. All I remember is that when the army came in, everybody had a stick with a
white handkerchief on it. The white handkerchief represented peace. I don't know just how they announced that the
slaves were free.
"We lived in as good a house as this one here. It had eight rooms in it. I was married sixty years ago. My husband
died two years ago. We were married fifty-eight years. Were the only colored people here to celebrate the fiftieth
anniversary. (She is mistaken in this; Waters McIntosh has been married for fifty-six years and he and his wife are
still making it together in an ideal manner--ed.) I am the mother of eight children; three girls are living and two
boys. The rest are dead.
"I married a good man. Guess there was never a better. We lived happily together for a long time and he gave me
everything I needed. He gave me and my children whatever we asked for.
"I was sick for three years. Then my husband took down and was sick for seven years before he died.
"I belong to the Holiness Church down on Izard Street, and Brother Jeeter is my pastor."
Betty Johnson's memory is accurate, and she tells whatever she wishes to tell without hesitation and clearly. She
leaves out details which she does not wish to mention evidently, and there is a reserve in her manner which makes
questioning beyond a certain point impertinent. [However, just what she tells presents a picture into which the
details may easily be fitted.]
Her husband is dead, but he was evidently of the same type she is. She lives in a beautiful and well kept cottage.
Her husband left a similar house for each of her three children. The husband, of course, was colored. It is equally
evident that the father was white.
Although my questions traveled into corners where they evidently did not wish to follow, the mother and son, who
was from time to time with her, answered courteously and showed no irritation.
Interviewer Mrs. Bernice Bowden"
