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Brinkley, Arkansas
Age 59
"My mama was born at Aiken, South Carolina. She was Frances Roten. I was born at Elba, South Carolina, forty
miles below Augusta, Georgia. My papa was born at Macon, Georgia. Both my parents was slaves. He farmed and
was a Baptist preacher. Mama was a cook.
"Mama was owned by some of the Willis. There was three; Mike, Bill, and Logie Willis, all brothers, and she lived
with them all but who owned her I don't know. She never was sold. Papa wasn't either. Mama lived at Aiken till
papa Darried her. She belong to some of the Willis. they married after freedom. She had three husbands and fifteen
children.
"Mama had a soldier husband. He took her to James Island. She runned off from him. Got back across the sea to
Charleston to Aunt Anette's. She was mama's sister. Mama sent back to Aiken and they got her back to her folks.
Aunt Anette had been sold to folks at Charleston.
"Grandma was Rachel Willis. She suckled some of the Willis children. Mama suckled me and Mike Willis together.
His mama got sick and my mama took him and raised him. She got well but their names have left me. When we got
sick the Willis woman would send a hamper basket full of provisions, some cooked and some to be cooked. I used
to sweep their yards. They was white sand and not a sprig of grass nor a weed in there.
"Mama and papa was both slavery niggers and they spoke mighty well of their owners.
"Papa said in slavery times about two nights in a week they would have a dance. He would slip off and go.
Sometimes he would get a pass. He was a figger caller till he 'fessed religion. One time the pattyrollers come in.
They said, 'All got passes tonight.' When they had about danoed down my daddy got a shovelful of live coals and
run about scattering it on the floor. All the niggers run out and he was gone too. It was a dark night. A crowd want
up the road and here come the pattyrollers. One run into grapevines across the road and tumbled off his horse. The
niggers took to the woods then. Pa tole us about how he studied up a way to get himself and several others outer
showing their passes that night. Master never found that out on him.
"During the War they sent a lot of the meat to feed the soldiers on and kept the skins and sides. They tole them if the
Yankees ask them if they had enough to cat say, 'See how greasy and slick I is.' They greased their legs and arms to
make them shine and look fat. The dust made the chaps look rusty.
"Papa saved his young mistress' life. His master was gone to war. He had promised with others to take care of her.
The Yankees come and didn't find meat. It was buried. They couldn't find much. They got mad and burned the
house. Pa was a boy. He run up there and begged folks not to burn the house; they promised to take care of
everything. Papa bagged to let him get his mistress and three-day-old baby. They cursed him but he run in and got
her and the baby. The house fell in before they got out of the yard. He took her to the quarters. Papa was
overstrained carrying a log and limped as long as he lived.
"Pa was hired out and they was goner whoop him and he run off and got back to the master. Ma nor pa was never
sold.
"We had a reason to come out here to Arkansas. A woman had a white husband and a black one too. The black
husband told the white husband not come about there no more. He come on. The black man killed the white man at
his door. They lynched six or seven niggers. They sure did kill him. That dissatisfied all the niggers. That took place
in Barnwell County, South Carolina. Three train loads of us left. There was fifteen in our family. We was doing
well. My pa had cattle and money. They stopped the train befo' and behind us---the train we was on. Put the
Arkansas white man in Augusta jail. They stopped us all there. We got to come on. We was headed for Pine Bluff.
We got down there 'bout Altheimer and they was living in tents. Pa said he wasn't goiner tent, he didn't run away
from South Carolina and he'd go straight back. Mr. Aydelott got eight families on track at Rob Roy to come to
Biscoe. We got a house hare. Pa was old and they would listen at what he said. He made a speech at Rob Roy and
told them let's come to Biscoe. Eleven families come. He had two hundred or three hundred dollars than in his
pocket to rattle. He could get more. He grieved for South Carolina, so he went back and took us but ma wanted to
come back. They stayed back there a year or two. We made a crap. Pa was the oldest boss in his crowd. We all
come back. There was more room out here and so many of us.
"The schools was better out there. I went to Miss Scofield's College. All the teachers but three was colored. There
was eight or ten colored teachers. It was at Aiken, South Carolina. Miss Criley was our sewing mistress. Miss Criley
was white and Miss Scofield was too. I didn't have to pay. Rich folks in the North run the school. No white children
went there. I think the teachers was sent there.
"I taught school out here at Blackton and Moro and in Prairie County about. I got tired of it. I married and settled
down.
"We owns my home here. My husband was a railroad man. We lives by the hardest.
"I don't know what becoming of the young generation. They shuns the field work. Times is faster than I ever seen
them. I liked the way times was before that last war (World War). Reckon when will they get back like that?"
Interviewer Miss Irene Robertson"
