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(mulatto)
DeValls Bluff, Arkansas
Age 81
"I am eighty-one years old. I was born close to Saratoga, North Carolina. My mother died before I can recollect and
my grandmother raised me. They said my father was a white man. They said Jim Beckton. I don't recollect him. My
mother was named Mariah Tyson.
"I recollect how things was. My grandmother was Miss Nancy Tyson's cook. She had one son named Mr. Seth
Tyson. He run her farm. They et in the dining room, we et in the kitchen. Clothes and something to eat was scarce. I
worked at whatever I was told to do. Grandma told me things to do and Miss Nancy told me what to do. I went to
the field when I was pretty little. Once my uncle left the mile standing out in the field and went off to do something
else. It come up a hard shower. I crawled under the mule. If I had been still it would been all right but my hair stood
up and tickled the mule's stomach. The mule jumped and the plough hit me in my hip here at the side. It is a wonder
I didn't get killed.
"After the Civil War was times like now. Money scarce and prices high, and you had to start all over new. Pigs was
hard to start, mules and horses was mighty scarce. Seed was scarce. Everything had to be started from the stump.
Something to eat was mighty plain and scarce and one or two dresses a year had to do. Folks didn't study about
going so much.
"I had to rake up leaves and fetch em to the barn to make beds for the little pigs in cold weather. The rake was made
out of wood. It had hickory wood teeth and about a foot long. It was heavy. I put my leaves in a basket bout so high
[three or four feet high]. I couldn't tote it - I drug it. I had to get leaves in to do a long time and wait till the snow got
off before I could get more. It seem like it snowed a lot. The pigs rooted the leaves all about in day and back up in
the corners at night. It was ditched all around. It didn't get very muddy. Rattle snakes was bad in the mountains. I
used to tote water - one bucketful on my head and one bucketful in each hand. We used wooden buckets. It was lot
of fun to hunt guinea nests and turkey nests. When other little children come visiting that is what we would do. We
didn't set around and listen at the grown folks. We toted up rocks and then they made rock rows [terraces] and rock
fences about the yard and garden. They looked so pretty. Some of them would be white, some gray, sometimes it
would be mixed. They walled wells with rocks too. All we done or knowed was work. When we got tired there was
places to set and rest. The men made plough stocks and hoe handles and worked at the blacksmith shop in snowy
weather. I used to pick up literd [tightured] knots and pile them in piles along the road so they could take them to
the house to burn. They made a good light and kindling wood.
"They didn't whoop Grandma but she whooped me a plenty.
"After the war some white folks would tell Grandma one thing and some others tell her something else. She kept me
and cooked right on. I didn't know what freedom was. Seemed like most of them I knowed didn't know what to do.
Most of the slaves left the white folks where I was raised. It took a long time to ever get fixed. Some of them died,
some went to the cities, some up North, some come to new country. I married and come to Fredonia, Arkansas in
1889. I had been married since I was a young girl. But as I was saying the slaves was still hunting a better place and
more freedom. The young folks is still hunting a better place and more freedom. Grandma learnt me to set down and
be content. We have done better out here than we could done in North Carolina but I don't believe in so much
rambling.
"We come on the passenger train and paid our own way to Arkansas. It was a wild and sickly country and has
changed. Not like living in the same country. I try to live like the white folks and Grandma raised me. I do like they
done. I think is the reason we have saved and have good a living as we got. We do on as little as we can and save a
little for the rainy day."
Interviewer Mrs. Bernice Bowden"
